A Bit of History
Treaty?
1837
GOOD NEWS!
By the arrival night before last, of the Revenue Cutter Dexter, Capt. Rudolph, from Tampa By, which place she left on the 10th inst. we learned that Col. Henderson of the Marines, commanding the advance of the army, had fallen in with the enemy at the Hatchee Lustee, attacked, and beat them. The result was a conference with the hostile Chiefs and an arrangement to meet at Fort Dad on the 18th inst. to discuss terms of peace.
Philip, the son-in-law of Micanopy, and four other warriors are said to have been killed, forty-four in all, taken prisoners, much Indian property taken. Our loss 2 killed and 3 wounded.
Gen. Jessup has had an interview with the Chiefs Alligator, Jumper, and Abraham, and strong hops are indulged that the conference at Fort Drane, may result in permanent peace.
The above information may be implicitly relied on. It comes to us from such a quarter that there can be no doubt of its correctness.
The Pensacola Gazette, Feb. 18, 1837
The battle of Hatchee-Lustee Creek was on January 26, 1837. Philip actually wasn’t killed but would die on the journey west.
After early successes, the Indians were now facing ever increasing U.S. forces begin to think there had been enough killing and in February of 1837 the chiefs Jumper and Alligator agreed to suspend hostilities pending the outcome of a peace conference although other chiefs continued fighting. A treaty was signed on March 6, 1837 by Jumper, Holahtoochee, or Davy and Yholoochee, representing Micanopy. Chief Micanopy was unable to travel and did not sign at the time but did so a couple of weeks later at Fort Dade. Those that signed.
The agreement called for the Seminoles to emigrate west and they, “shall be secure in their lives and property; that their Negroes, … shall also accompany them West; and that their cattle and ponies shall be paid for by the United States.” By the middle of April the Indians begin to turn over delivery of their cattle and horses.
The Treaty
Article 1: The chiefs above name, in behalf of themselves and the Nation, agree that hostilities shall cease immediately, and shall not be resumed.
Article 2: They agree and bind themselves that the entire nation shall immediately emigrate to the country assigned them by the President of the United States, west of the Mississippi.
Article 3: Until they emigrate they will place in possession of General Commanding the troops, hostages for the faithful performance of their engagements.
Article 4: The Indians shall immediately withdraw to south of the Hillsborough. Those found north of that river and a line drawn from Fort Foster due east from it to the Ocean, without permission of the General Commanding, after the first of April will be considered hostile.
Article 5: Major General Jessup, in behalf of the Unites Dates, agrees, that the Seminoles and their allies who come in and emigrate to the west, shall be secure in their lives and property; and their negroes, their bona fide property, shall accompany them to the West, and that their cattle and ponies shall be paid for by the United States at a fair value.
Article 6: That the expenses of the movement west shall be paid by the United States.
Article 7: That the chiefs, warriors, and their families and negroes, shall be subsisted from the time they assemble in camp near Tampa Bay, until they arrive at their homes west of the Mississippi, and twelve months thereafter, at the expense of the United States.
Article 8: The chiefs and warriors with their families will assemble in the camp to be designated by the commanding general, as soon as they can; and at all events by the 10th of April. Yaholoochee will come in at once with his people, and their other towns will follow.
Article 9: Transports will be ready to take the Indians with their negros off to their western homes.
Article 10: Micanopy will be one of the hostages. – He is to visit the commanding general and will remain near him until his people are ready to move.
Article 11: All the advantages secured to the Indians by the treaty of Payne’s Landing, and not enumerated in the preceding articles, are hereby recognized and secured to them.
Signed at Camp Dade on the 6th of March, by General Jesup and four of the principle Chiefs. Micanopy, along with his family, complied and camped outside of Fort Dade and on March 18th General Jesup wrote that he believed the war to be an end to the war.